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Bone
Health

The Malaysian Paradox

Current Status

Despite living in the tropics, 50% of Malaysians have insufficient Vitamin D levels.

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Why are we deficient?

Living on the equator isn't enough.

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The Shadow Rule

You need UV index > 3. In Malaysia, this is 10am - 3pm. Morning jogging at 8am? Zero Vitamin D production.

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Clothing & Melanin

Long sleeves and hijab block 99% of UVB. Furthermore, darker skin requires 3x to 5x longer exposure than lighter skin to generate the same amount of Vitamin D.

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The Indoor Lifestyle

Glass windows block 100% of UVB rays. Sitting by a sunny window provides heat, but zero Vitamin D.

The Bio-Team

Calcium builds. Vitamin D unlocks.

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Calcium
The Bricks
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Vit D
The Key
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Vit K2
The Guide
Directs Ca to bones, not arteries.
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Magnesium
Tap to reveal
BONE
Warning: Without D & K2, Calcium supplements can calcify arteries instead of strengthening bones.

Calcium Sources

Target: 1000mg

It's not just about milk.

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Ikan Bilis (1/2 cup) 500mg (50%)

Heads & bones are mandatory! Fried counts.

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High-Cal Milk (1 cup) 380mg (38%)

Look for fortified brands (e.g., Marigold HL, Anlene).

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Tau Kwa (1 pc) 300mg (30%)

Must use Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) as coagulant.

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Tempeh (1 cup) 184mg (18%)

High bioavailability due to fermentation.

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Kai Lan (1 cup) 195mg (20%)

Low oxalate. Better absorption than Spinach.

Vitamin D

Target: 600 IU

Food sources are very scarce!

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Midday Sun 10,000+ IU

10 AM - 3 PM. 15-20 mins. 40% skin exposed.

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Salmon (3oz) 450 IU (75%)

Fatty fish (Salmon, Mackerel/Tenggiri) is best.

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UV Mushrooms (1 cup) 300 IU (50%)

Only if labeled "UV Exposed". Regular mushrooms have ~0.

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Fortified Milk 100 IU (15%)

Check labels. Standard fresh milk has 0 IU.

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Egg Yolk (1 Large) 40 IU (6%)

Don't throw away the yolk!

The Thieves

What steals calcium from your bones?

Sodium (Salt)

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For every 2300mg of Sodium (1 tsp salt) you excrete, you lose ~40mg of Calcium in urine.
Culprits: Soy sauce, instant noodles, soups.

Caffeine

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Caffeine leaches calcium from bones.
Fix: Add 2 tablespoons of milk to your coffee to offset the loss.

Oxalates

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Compounds in some plants bind to calcium, preventing absorption.
Culprits: Spinach & Rhubarb (High).
Better: Bok Choy, Kale, Broccoli (Low).

How much do I need?

Targets change as you age.

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Kids (4-8)

Ca: 1000mg D: 600 IU
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Teens (9-18)

Ca: 1300mg D: 600 IU

Peak bone mass building years!

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Adults (19-50)

Ca: 1000mg D: 600 IU
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Women 50+ / Men 70+

Ca: 1200mg D: 800 IU

Absorption efficiency drops.

Summary

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Eat Heads & Bones Ikan Bilis only counts if you eat the whole fish.
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Sun Smart 15 mins at lunch (10am-3pm). Not morning.
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Watch the Thieves Limit salt and add milk to coffee.